Collective intelligence (CI)-Giftedness

  According to Vygotsky’s theory, intellectual stimulation through human interaction, such as in case of parents and children, teachers and pupils, peer interaction, is very critical to the development and overall growth of a child. Vygotsky's Theory of Social Constructivism & 9-layered model of giftedness place special emphasis on active learning and lifelong learning skills. They emphasize on values, besides knowledge and skills. Such values are persistence, patience, endurance, self-improvement, self-knowledge. They are centered on human potential for evolution through both social and personal endeavor. They both consider cognitive skills could bring about personal and societal prosperity.  According to this theory, intellectual development is driven by human communication and interaction encompassing cultural characteristics, such as values, language as well as thinking processes. Moreover, students’ learning capacity is tied to the development of their cognitive skills thr

  Bandura’s Social Learning Theory places emphasis on attentional control (selective, sustained, focused attention) as a metacognitive skill that has direct impact on one’s behavior, effort and persistence e.g. through training individuals to self-reinforce and self-reward. This theory points to the role of educators as constant inspiration for their students as well as it underlines the role of self-efficacy as a socially biased component of learning. Both Bandura's Theory and 9-Layered Model of Giftedness, are founded on the importance of higher cognitive skills in learning processes, such as critical thinking, problem solving, intrapersonal skills e.g. self-efficacy beliefs as well as self-regulation skills e.g. self-monitoring, self-reflecting, self-controlling. Also, both theories view one’s learning capacity as a dynamic, reciprocal interaction of our personality, capabilities as well as our environment.  “Belief in one’s efficacy is a key personal resource in self-develo

Physical Training & athletics Self-confidence and self-efficacy are enhanced.  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/raising-low-self-esteem/ Learning & achievement Lifelong learning raises self-efficacy beliefs and motivation towards reaching the top of the 9-Layered Pyramid of Giftedness as our model considers intelligence and consciousness a dynamic process.    Social & emotional health Cortisol changes, a hormone released by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, may be specifically tied to the experience of emotions and cognitions reflecting low self-worth.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8163712_Acute_Threat_to_the_Social_Self_Shame_Social_Self-esteem_and_Cortisol_Activity/citations Studies on individual genes have shown that extreme stress with temporary high levels of Cortisol affect so-called DNA methylation resulting in changes in the expression and characteristics of genes. To a high extent, the affected individuals also risk sufferi

  Physical Training & athletics Exercise,  which  has  been  shown   to   ameliorate   behavioral   symptoms   of   stress   and enhance   hippocampal   neuroplasticity  in  animal  models,  has  also  been  considered  a potential adjunctive  treatment  for  neuropsychiatric  conditions.  Physical activity attenuates many of the harmful effects of stress. Our model suggests that a healthy lifestyle and especially physical training can induce attentional control and other executive functions as the physical substrate of mental health and cognitive improvement. Learning & achievement Our model emphasizes lifelong learning skills as part of our mental and social well-being as well as a means for employment, social affairs and inclusion. Especially, lifelong learning is tied to cognitive flexibility and self-regulation skills. Cognitive  flexibility  refers  to  the  ability  to  shift  between  response  sets,  learn  from     mistakes,  devise  alternative  strategies,  di

  Physical Training & athletics Both our mood and cognition are related to physical exercise as several  studies  have  pointed  at  the  notable  increase  in  neurogenesis  attributed  mainly   to physical  activity  associated  with  exercise  and an  enriched  environment,  operating synergistically. Moreover, innate factors of the brain, such as structural   plasticity, neurotrophic and   hormone   levels   in   combination   with   environmental   factors,   such   as   physical   activity lead to neurogenesis. Learning & achievement Research  has  shown  that  there  is  a  correlation  between  the  level  of  hippocampal         neurogenesis and  learning processes. Learning affects not only the survival of cells but also the maturation of newborn neurons. Social & emotional health The researchers found several differences in the brains of lonely people. These brain manifestations were centered on what is called the default network: a set of brain regio

Ένα ερώτημα που απασχολεί την έρευνα των συστημάτων τεχνητής νοημοσύνης είναι αν μπορούν να λειτουργήσουν με ίση ή και περισσότερη "σοφία" από τους ανθρώπους. Η σύντομη απάντηση είναι ότι θα μπορούσαν εάν καταφέρουμε να προγραμματίσουμε μία μηχανή, η οποία: να έχει την ικανότητα να αυτο-βελτιώνεται, χωρίς να αλλάζει η δομή των συστημάτων της, να έχει την ικανότητα να κάνει αυτοπαρατήρηση, να έχει συνείδηση ότι υπάρχει, να έχει προσωπική ταυτότητα, δηλαδή να γνωρίζει ότι μπορεί να διαφέρει από άλλες μηχανές. Αυτές όμως τις ικανότητες πρέπει να εξετάσουμε κατά πόσο οι άνθρωποι, πρώτα, μπορούν να αναγνωρίσουν στον εαυτό τους.  Μία στρατηγική συμπεριφοράς έρχεται από την ίδια τη θεωρία παιγνίων του John Forbes Nash και βρίσκει εφαρμογή στη φύση. Όταν δύο ζώα μάχονται για την ίδια τροφή, αν και τα δύο επιλέξουν την επιθετική συμπεριφορά και διεκδικήσουν την τροφή μονάχα για τον εαυτό τους τότε το πιθανότερο είναι να τραυματιστούν ή να αλληλοσκοτωθούν και φυσικά να μην μπορέσουν

Gene-environment interactions in the serotonergic system is an example of just one of the multiple neural signalling pathways that are affected in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Dauncey, M.J. Genomic and Epigenomic Insights into Nutrition and Brain Disorders.  Nutrients   2013 ,  5 , 887-914. The  Barcelona Brain Health Initiative  (BBHI) will investigate if an individualized multi-dimensional intervention program can enhance cognitive functions and reduce the incidence of new future diagnoses.  Cattaneo G, Bartrés-Faz D, Morris TP, Sánchez JS, Macià D, Tarrero C, Tormos JM and Pascual-Leone A (2018) The Barcelona Brain Health Initiative: A Cohort Study to Define and Promote Determinants of Brain Health. Front. Aging Neurosci. 10:321. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.0032 1 A novel epigenetic clock, termed DNAm GrimAge has outperformed its predecessors in predicting the risk of mortality as well as a number of age-related morbidities.  Higher DNAm GrimAge ass